Ocassionally we get product updates, regulatory changes, etc.. and we share what we can with our followers online. The pages are for information only, we at Water Weights assume no liability on use of such information as stated on our blog.
Weekly musings from the world of crane, lifeboat, davit, elevators and lifting equipment load testing with Water Weights bags and load measurement equipment. Visit us online @ www.waterweightsinc.com
Friday, April 29, 2011
Tuesday, April 26, 2011
IP Ratings
Occasionally IP ratings are discussed for our line of load measuring equipment. The IP Code (International Protection Rating) consists of the letters IP followed by two digits and an optional letter.
Defined in international standard IEC 60529, it classifies the degrees of protection provided against the intrusion of solid objects, dust, accidental contact, and water in electrical enclosures. The standard aims to provide users more detailed information than vague marketing terms such as waterproof.
Please find the information below as future reference for your requirements.
The IP or International Protection rating consists of the letters IP followed by two digits. The first defines the protection afforded against solid objects and dust, while the second covers water ingress. The definitions can be seen as below
Defined in international standard IEC 60529, it classifies the degrees of protection provided against the intrusion of solid objects, dust, accidental contact, and water in electrical enclosures. The standard aims to provide users more detailed information than vague marketing terms such as waterproof.
Please find the information below as future reference for your requirements.
The IP or International Protection rating consists of the letters IP followed by two digits. The first defines the protection afforded against solid objects and dust, while the second covers water ingress. The definitions can be seen as below
Monday, April 25, 2011
Information Resources for Cranes
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Comprised of Government agencies, Organizations, Companies, Academic and International bodies, and individuals, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals.
As the voice of the U.S. standards and conformity assessment system, ANSI empowers its members and constituents to strengthen the U.S. marketplace position in the global economy while helping to assure the safety and health of consumers and the protection of the environment.
For more information visit ANSI online @ http://www.ansi.org/default.aspx
Occupational Safety & Health Act(OSHA)
OSHA is part of the United States Department of Labor. It was created by Congress to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance.
Moving large, heavy loads is crucial to today's manufacturing and construction industries. Much technology has been developed for these operations, including careful training and extensive workplace precautions. There are significant safety issues to be considered, both for the operators of the diverse "lifting" devices, and for workers in proximity to them. This page is a starting point for finding information about these devices, including elevators and conveyors, and their operation.
Crane, derrick, and hoist safety hazards are addressed in specific standards for the general industry, marine terminals, long-shoring, gear certification, and the construction industry.
For more information visit the OSHA site @ http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/cranehoistsafety/index.html
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is a professional body, specifically an engineering society, focused on mechanical engineering.
The organization is known for setting codes and standards for mechanical devices. The ASME conducts one of the world's largest technical publishing operations through its ASME Press, holds numerous technical conferences and hundreds of professional development courses each year, and sponsors numerous outreach and educational programs.
For more information visit ASME online @ http://www.asme.org/
Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA)
CMAA is the Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc., an independent trade association affiliated with the Material Handling Industry. CMAA traces its roots to the Electric Overhead Crane Institute, known as EOCI, which was founded in 1927 by leading crane manufacturers of that time to promote the standardization of cranes as well as uniform quality and performance.
The voluntary association was incorporated as the Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc. in 1955. Member Companies, representing the industry leaders in the overhead crane industry, serve the United States market from operations based in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
For more information visit CMAA online @ http://www.mhia.org/industrygroups/cmaa
American Petroleum Institute (API)
The development of consensus standards is one of API’s oldest and most successful programs. Beginning with its first standards in 1924, API now maintains some 500 standards covering all segments of the oil and gas industry. Today, the API standards program has gone global, through active involvement with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and other international bodies.
API is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited standards developing organization, operating with approved standards development procedures and undergoing regular audits of its processes. API produces standards, recommended practices, specifications, codes and technical publications, reports and studies that cover each segment of the industry. API standards promote the use of safe, interchangeable equipment and operations through the use of proven, sound engineering practices as well as help reduce regulatory compliance costs, and in conjunction with API’s Quality Programs, many of these standards form the basis of API certification programs.
For more information visit API online @ http://www.api.org/
Thursday, April 21, 2011
OSHA: Fyi.......Cranes & Derricks in Construction
Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) - Table of Contents Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) - Table of Contents
• Part Number: 1926
• Part Title: Safety and Health Regulations for Construction
• Subpart: CC
• Subpart Title: Cranes & Derricks in Construction
• Standard Number: 1926.1437
• Title: Floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges.
1926.1437(a)
This section contains supplemental requirements for floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of flotation (i.e., vessel/flotation device). The sections of this subpart apply to floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of flotation, unless specified otherwise. The requirements of this section do not apply when using jacked barges when the jacks are deployed to the river, lake, or sea bed and the barge is fully supported by the jacks.
1926.1437(b)
General requirements. The requirements in paragraphs (c) through (k) of this section apply to both floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of flotation.
1926.1437(c)
Work area control.
1926.1437(c)(1)
The requirements of § 1926.1424 (Work area control) apply, except for § 1926.1424(a)(2)(ii).
1926.1437(c)(2)
The employer must either:
1926.1437(c)(2)(i)
Erect and maintain control lines, warning lines, railings or similar barriers to mark the boundaries of the hazard areas; or
1926.1437(c)(2)(ii)
Clearly mark the hazard areas by a combination of warning signs (such as, "Danger--Swing/Crush Zone") and high visibility markings on the equipment that identify the hazard areas. In addition, the employer must train each employee to understand what these markings signify.
1926.1437(d)
Keeping clear of the load. Section 1926.1425 does not apply.
1926.1437(e)
Additional safety devices. In addition to the safety devices listed in § 1926.1415, the following safety devices are required:
1926.1437(e)(1)
Barge, pontoon, vessel or other means of flotation list and trim device. The safety device must be located in the cab or, when there is no cab, at the operator's station.
1926.1437(e)(2)
Positive equipment house lock.
1926.1437(e)(3)
Wind speed and direction indicator. A competent person must determine if wind is a factor that needs to be considered; if wind needs to be considered, a wind speed and direction indicator must be used.
1926.1437(f)
Operational aids.
1926.1437(f)(1)
An anti two-block device is required only when hoisting personnel or hoisting over an occupied cofferdam or shaft.
1926.1437(f)(2)
Section 1926.1416(e)(4) (Load weighing and similar devices) does not apply to dragline, clamshell (grapple), magnet, drop ball, container handling, concrete bucket, and pile driving work performed under this section.
1926.1437(g)
Accessibility of procedures applicable to equipment operation. If the crane/derrick has a cab, the requirements of § 1926.1417(c) apply. If the crane/derrick does not have a cab, the employer must ensure that:
1926.1437(g)(1)
Rated capacities (load charts) are posted at the operator's station. If the operator's station is moveable (such as with pendant-controlled equipment), the load charts are posted on the equipment.
1926.1437(g)(2)
Procedures applicable to the operation of the equipment (other than load charts), recommended operating speeds, special hazard warnings, instructions and operators manual, must be readily available on board the vessel/flotation device.
1926.1437(h)
Inspections. In addition to meeting the requirements of § 1926.1412 for inspecting the crane/derrick, the employer must inspect the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used to support a floating crane/derrick or land crane/derrick, and ensure that:
1926.1437(h)(1)
Shift. For each shift inspection, the means used to secure/attach the equipment to the vessel/flotation device is in proper condition, including wear, corrosion, loose or missing fasteners, defective welds, and (when applicable) insufficient tension.
1926.1437(h)(2)
Monthly. For each monthly inspection:
1926.1437(h)(2)(i)
The means used to secure/attach the equipment to the vessel/flotation device is in proper condition, including inspection for wear, corrosion, and, when applicable, insufficient tension.
1926.1437(h)(2)(ii)
The vessel/flotation device is not taking on water.
1926.1437(h)(2)(iii)
The deckload is properly secured.
1926.1437(h)(2)(iv)
The vessel/flotation device is watertight based on the condition of the chain lockers, storage, fuel compartments, and hatches.
1926.1437(h)(2)(v)
The firefighting and lifesaving equipment is in place and functional.
1926.1437(h)(3)
The shift and monthly inspections are conducted by a competent person, and:
1926.1437(h)(3)(i)
If any deficiency is identified, an immediate determination is made by a qualified person whether the deficiency constitutes a hazard.
1926.1437(h)(3)(ii)
If the deficiency is determined to constitute a hazard, the vessel/flotation device is removed from service until the deficiency has been corrected.
1926.1437(h)(4)
Annual: external vessel/flotation device inspection. For each annual inspection:
1926.1437(h)(4)(i)
The external portion of the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used is inspected annually by a qualified person who has expertise with respect to vessels/flotation devices and that the inspection includes the following items:
1926.1437(h)(4)(i)(A)
The items identified in paragraphs (h)(1) (Shift) and (h)(2) (Monthly) of this section.
1926.1437(h)(4)(i)(B)
Cleats, bitts, chocks, fenders, capstans, ladders, and stanchions, for significant corrosion, wear, deterioration, or deformation that could impair the function of these items.
1926.1437(h)(4)(i)(C)
External evidence of leaks and structural damage; evidence of leaks and damage below the waterline may be determined through internal inspection of the vessel/flotation device.
1926.1437(h)(4)(i)(D)
Four-corner draft readings.
1926.1437(h)(4)(i)(E)
Firefighting equipment for serviceability.
1926.1437(h)(4)(ii)
Rescue skiffs, lifelines, work vests, life preservers and ring buoys are inspected for proper condition.
1926.1437(h)(4)(iii)
If any deficiency is identified, an immediate determination is made by the qualified person whether the deficiency constitutes a hazard or, though not yet a hazard, needs to be monitored in the monthly inspections.
1926.1437(h)(4)(iii)(A)
If the qualified person determines that the deficiency constitutes a hazard, the vessel/flotation device is removed from service until it has been corrected. See requirements in § 1926.1417(f).
1926.1437(h)(4)(iii)(B)
If the qualified person determines that, though not presently a hazard, the deficiency needs to be monitored, the deficiency is checked in the monthly inspections.
1926.1437(h)(5)
Four-year: internal vessel/flotation device inspection. For each four-year inspection:
1926.1437(h)(5)(i)
A marine engineer, marine architect, licensed surveyor, or other qualified person who has expertise with respect to vessels/flotation devices surveys the internal portion of the barge, pontoons, vessel, or other means of flotation.
1926.1437(h)(5)(ii)
If the surveyor identifies a deficiency, an immediate determination is made by the surveyor as to whether the deficiency constitutes a hazard or, though not yet a hazard, needs to be monitored in the monthly or annual inspections, as appropriate.
1926.1437(h)(5)(ii)(A)
If the surveyor determines that the deficiency constitutes a hazard, the vessel/flotation device is removed from service until it has been corrected.
1926.1437(h)(5)(ii)(B)
If the surveyor determines that, though not presently a hazard, the deficiency needs to be monitored, the deficiency is checked in the monthly or annual inspections, as appropriate.
1926.1437(h)(6)
Documentation. The monthly and annual inspections required in paragraphs (h)(2) and (h)(4) of this section are documented in accordance with § § 1926.1412 (e)(3) and 1926.1412(f)(7), respectively, and that the four-year inspection required in paragraph (h)(5) of this section is documented in accordance with § 1926.1412(f)(7), except that the documentation for that inspection must be retained for a minimum of 4 years. All such documents must be made available, during the applicable document retention period, to all persons who conduct inspections in accordance with § 1926.1412.
1926.1437(i)
[Reserved.]
1926.1437(j)
Working with a diver. The employer must meet the following additional requirements when working with a diver in the water:
1926.1437(j)(1)
If a crane/derrick is used to get a diver into and out of the water, it must not be used for any other purpose until the diver is back on board. When used for more than one diver, it must not be used for any other purpose until all divers are back on board.
1926.1437(j)(2)
The operator must remain at the controls of the crane/derrick at all times.
1926.1437(j)(3)
In addition to the requirements in § § 1926.1419 through 1926.1422 (Signals), either:
1926.1437(j)(3)(i)
A clear line of sight must be maintained between the operator and tender; or
1926.1437(j)(3)(ii)
The signals between the operator and tender must be transmitted electronically.
1926.1437(j)(4)
The means used to secure the crane/derrick to the vessel/flotation device (see paragraph (n)(5) of this section) must not allow any amount of shifting in any direction.
1926.1437(k)
Manufacturer's specifications and limitations.
1926.1437(k)(1)
The employer must ensure that the barge, pontoons, vessel, or other means of flotation must be capable of withstanding imposed environmental, operational and in-transit loads when used in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and limitations.
1926.1437(k)(2)
The employer must ensure that the manufacturer's specifications and limitations with respect to environmental, operational, and in-transit loads for a barge, pontoon, vessel, or other means of flotation are not exceeded or violated.
1926.1437(k)(3)
When the manufacturer's specifications and limitations are unavailable, the employer must ensure that the specifications and limitations established by a qualified person with respect to environmental, operational and in-transit loads for the barge, pontoons, vessel, or other means of flotation are not exceeded or violated.
1926.1437(l)
[Reserved.]
1926.1437(m)
Floating cranes/derricks. For equipment designed by the manufacturer (or employer) for marine use by permanent attachment to barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of flotation:
1926.1437(m)(1)
Load charts.
1926.1437(m)(1)(i)
The employer must not exceed the manufacturer load charts applicable to operations on water. When using these charts, the employer must comply with all parameters and limitations (such as dynamic and environmental parameters) applicable to the use of the charts.
1926.1437(m)(1)(ii)
The employer must ensure that load charts take into consideration a minimum wind speed of 40 miles per hour.
1926.1437(m)(2)
The employer must ensure that the requirements for maximum allowable list and maximum allowable trim as specified in Table M1 of this section are met.
Table M1
Rated capacity Maximum
allowable
list
(degrees) Maximum
allowable
list
(degrees)
Equipment designed for marine use by permanent attachment (other than derricks):
25 tons or less
Over 25 tons
Derricks designed for marine use by permanent attachment:
Any rated capacity
5
7
10
5
7
10
1926.1437(m)(3)
The employer must ensure that the equipment is stable under the conditions specified in Tables M2 and M3 of this section. (Note: Freeboard is the vertical distance between the water line and the main deck of the vessel.)
Table M2
Operated at Wind
speed
(mph) Minimum
freeboard
(ft)
Rated capacity
Rated capacity plus 25%
High boom, no load 60
60
60 2
1
2
Table M3
Operated at Wind
speed
For backward stability of the boom:
High boom, no load, full back list (least stable condition).
90 mph.
1926.1437(m)(4)
If the equipment is employer-made, it must not be used unless the employer has documents demonstrating that the load charts and applicable parameters for use meet the requirements of paragraphs (m)(1) through (3) of this section. Such documents must be signed by a registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to the design of this type of equipment (including the means of flotation).
1926.1437(m)(5)
The employer must ensure that the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used:
1926.1437(m)(5)(i)
Are structurally sufficient to withstand the static and dynamic loads of the crane/derrick when operating at the crane/derrick's maximum rated capacity with all planned and actual deck loads and ballasted compartments.
1926.1437(m)(5)(ii)
Have a subdivided hull with one or more longitudinal watertight bulkheads for reducing the free-surface effect.
1926.1437(m)(5)(iii)
Have access to void compartments to allow for inspection and pumping.
1926.1437(n)
Land cranes/derricks. For land cranes/derricks used on barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of flotation, the employer must ensure that:
1926.1437(n)(1)
The rated capacity of the equipment (including but not limited to modification of load charts) applicable for use on land is reduced to:
1926.1437(n)(1)(i)
Account for increased loading from list, trim, wave action, and wind.
1926.1437(n)(1)(ii)
Be applicable to a specified location(s) on the specific barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation that will be used, under the environmental conditions expected and encountered.
1926.1437(n)(1)(iii)
The conditions required in paragraphs (n)(3) and (n)(4) of this section are met.
1926.1437(n)(2)
The rated capacity modification required in paragraph (n)(1) of this section is performed by the equipment manufacturer, or a qualified person who has expertise with respect to both land crane/derrick capacity and the stability of vessels/flotation devices.
1926.1437(n)(3)
For list and trim.
1926.1437(n)(3)(i)
The maximum allowable list and the maximum allowable trim for the barge, pontoon, vessel or other means of flotation must not exceed the amount necessary to ensure that the conditions in paragraph (n)(4) of this section are met. In addition, the maximum allowable list and the maximum allowable trim does not exceed the least of the following: 5 degrees, the amount specified by the crane/derrick manufacturer, or, when, an amount is not so specified, the amount specified by the qualified person.
1926.1437(n)(3)(ii)
The maximum allowable list and the maximum allowable trim for the land crane/derrick does not exceed the amount specified by the crane/derrick manufacturer, or, when, an amount is not so specified, the amount specified by the qualified person.
1926.1437(n)(4)
For the following conditions:
1926.1437(n)(4)(i)
All deck surfaces of the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used are above water.
1926.1437(n)(4)(ii)
The entire bottom area of the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used is submerged.
1926.1437(n)(5)
Physical attachment, corralling, rails system and centerline cable system meet the requirements in Option (1), Option (2), Option (3), or Option (4) of this section, and that whichever option is used also meets the requirements of paragraph (n)(5)(v) of this section.
1926.1437(n)(5)(i)
Option (1)--Physical attachment. The crane/derrick is physically attached to the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation. Methods of physical attachment include crossed-cable systems attached to the crane/derrick and vessel/flotation device, bolting or welding the crane/derrick to the vessel/flotation device, strapping the crane/derrick to the vessel/flotation device with chains, or other methods of physical attachment.
1926.1437(n)(5)(ii)
Option (2)--Corralling. The crane/derrick is prevented from shifting by installing barricade restraints (i.e., a corralling system). Employers must ensure that corralling systems do not allow the equipment to shift by any amount of shifting in any direction.
1926.1437(n)(5)(iii)
Option (3)--Rails. The crane/derrick must be prevented from shifting by being mounted on a rail system. Employers must ensure that rail clamps and rail stops are used unless the system is designed to prevent movement during operation by other means.
1926.1437(n)(5)(iv)
Option (4)--Centerline cable system. The crane/derrick is prevented from shifting by being mounted to a wire rope system. The employer must ensure that the wire rope system meets the following requirements:
1926.1437(n)(5)(iv)(A)
The wire rope and attachments are of sufficient size and strength to support the side load of crane/derrick.
1926.1437(n)(5)(iv)(B)
The wire rope is attached physically to the vessel/flotation device.
1926.1437(n)(5)(iv)(C)
The wire rope is attached to the crane/derrick by appropriate attachment methods (such as shackles or sheaves) on the undercarriage, and that the method used will allow the crew to secure the crane/derrick from movement during operation and to move the crane/derrick longitudinally along the vessel/flotation device for repositioning.
1926.1437(n)(5)(iv)(D)
Means are installed to prevent the crane/derrick from passing the forward or aft end of the wire rope attachments.
1926.1437(n)(5)(iv)(E)
The crane/derrick is secured from movement during operation.
1926.1437(n)(5)(v)
The systems/means used to comply with Option (1), Option (2), Option (3), or Option (4) of this section are designed by a marine engineer, registered professional engineer familiar with floating crane/derrick design, or qualified person familiar with floating crane/derrick design.
1926.1437(n)(6)
Exception. For mobile auxiliary cranes used on the deck of a floating crane/derrick, the requirement specified by paragraph (n)(5) of this section to use Option (1), Option (2), Option (3), or Option (4) does not apply when the employer demonstrates implementation of a plan and procedures that meet the following requirements:
1926.1437(n)(6)(i)
A marine engineer or registered professional engineer familiar with floating crane/derrick design develops and signs a written plan for the use of the mobile auxiliary crane.
1926.1437(n)(6)(ii)
The plan is designed so that the applicable requirements of this section are met despite the position, travel, operation, and lack of physical attachment (or corralling, use of rails or cable system) of the mobile auxiliary crane.
1926.1437(n)(6)(iii)
The plan specifies the areas of the deck where the mobile auxiliary crane is permitted to be positioned, travel, and operate, and the parameters and limitations of such movements and operation.
1926.1437(n)(6)(iv)
The deck is marked to identify the permitted areas for positioning, travel, and operation.
1926.1437(n)(6)(v)
The plan specifies the dynamic and environmental conditions that must be present for use of the plan.
1926.1437(n)(6)(vi)
If the dynamic and environmental conditions in paragraph (n)(6)(v) of this section are exceeded, the mobile auxiliary crane is attached physically or corralled in accordance with Option (1),Option (2) or Option (4) of paragraph (n)(5) of this section.
1926.1437(n)(7)
The barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used:
1926.1437(n)(7)(i)
Are structurally sufficient to withstand the static and dynamic loads of the crane/derrick when operating at the crane/derrick's maximum rated capacity with all anticipated deck loads and ballasted compartments.
1926.1437(n)(7)(ii)
Have a subdivided hull with one or more longitudinal watertight bulkheads for reducing the free surface effect.
1926.1437(n)(7)(iii)
Have access to void compartments to allow for inspection and pumping.
[75 FR 48169, August 9, 2010]
For more info visit the OSHA site @ http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=115
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
Water Weights at the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) 2011
Water Weights is pleased to announce that we will be exhibiting at the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) 2011 on the 2nd to the 5th of May 2011 at the Reliant Center & Arena in Houston, TX.
This year's exhibition will showcase the latest tools, services and locations available from Water Weights.
Please come visit us at Booth # 4005 inside the Reliant Center for a demo of our products and services.
Friday, April 8, 2011
Overhead Crane Regulations & Standards
By Richard Wehrmeister for the Crane Certification Association of America (CCAA)
How did ANSI standards become part of OSHA regulations? In the early 1970’s when OSHA was issuing new workplace safety regulations, they would often use what was available as the basis for new regulations or incorporate by reference an existing standard. In either case, the ANSI voluntary standards would fill the bill, as they were considered best practices at the time.
Not all ANSI standards are incorporated by reference. ANSI standards can also be interpreted as implicit regulations through our American legal system. The standards make a great reference on how a particular machine should be, or more likely in the case of a trial, “should have been”. The failure to comply can cause employers and manufacturers to increase their liability exposure, should an accident occur. It is difficult to persuade a jury that a particular document is just a voluntary document while the opposing lawyer advocates it is really the Holy Grail of safe guarding.
A good example of this is OSHA incorporates ANSI B30.2 that covers double girder cranes. OSHA does not incorporate the ANSI standards covering single girder cranes or monorails. These are found in ANSI B30.17 and B30.11. These two ANSI standards were not written at the time ANSI B30.2 was incorporated by reference. However, OSHA has cited the General Duty Clause in issuing citations on equipment that doesn’t meet ANSI B30.17 and B30.11. The general duty provisions are used where there is no Federal Regulation that applies to a particular hazard.
Industry standards or practices are other examples. One of these is CMAA. CMAA is a design specification. OSHA does reference CMAA however the reference only applies to clearances from obstructions. ANSI B30.2 also references CMAA however this reference applies to rails and bridge girder design and installation. Both OSHA and ANSI reference only a small part of the specification. The specification is a complete design specification that includes electrical, mechanical and structural design criteria and CMAA also states that inspection and maintenance be performed in accordance with ANSI B30.2 and the CMAA “Overhead Crane Inspection Checklist”.
Why is all this important if OSHA and ANSI does not incorporate the entire CMAA specifications? It can be important in a court of law because virtually all overhead crane builders design and manufacture their overhead cranes to CMAA specifications. This has become an Industry Standard. While OSHA may never write a citation referencing the CMAA specification, you can bet the opposing lawyer will hang the crane inspector out to dry if in fact the inspector neglected to ensure that the crane complied with CMAA specifications and this noncompliance resulted in an accident. Remember all the lawyer has to do is convince a jury with the help of an expert witness that the equipment did not comply with Industry Standards.
In summary, the overhead crane industry does have a long list of Standards, Regulations and Specifications that the equipment must adhere to and this doesn’t include the changes in technology, design and safety that OSHA or ANSI has not kept up with. Being an overhead crane inspector is a constant learning process. To error in this process could find you before a jury.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA)
How did ANSI standards become part of OSHA regulations? In the early 1970’s when OSHA was issuing new workplace safety regulations, they would often use what was available as the basis for new regulations or incorporate by reference an existing standard. In either case, the ANSI voluntary standards would fill the bill, as they were considered best practices at the time.
Not all ANSI standards are incorporated by reference. ANSI standards can also be interpreted as implicit regulations through our American legal system. The standards make a great reference on how a particular machine should be, or more likely in the case of a trial, “should have been”. The failure to comply can cause employers and manufacturers to increase their liability exposure, should an accident occur. It is difficult to persuade a jury that a particular document is just a voluntary document while the opposing lawyer advocates it is really the Holy Grail of safe guarding.
A good example of this is OSHA incorporates ANSI B30.2 that covers double girder cranes. OSHA does not incorporate the ANSI standards covering single girder cranes or monorails. These are found in ANSI B30.17 and B30.11. These two ANSI standards were not written at the time ANSI B30.2 was incorporated by reference. However, OSHA has cited the General Duty Clause in issuing citations on equipment that doesn’t meet ANSI B30.17 and B30.11. The general duty provisions are used where there is no Federal Regulation that applies to a particular hazard.
Industry standards or practices are other examples. One of these is CMAA. CMAA is a design specification. OSHA does reference CMAA however the reference only applies to clearances from obstructions. ANSI B30.2 also references CMAA however this reference applies to rails and bridge girder design and installation. Both OSHA and ANSI reference only a small part of the specification. The specification is a complete design specification that includes electrical, mechanical and structural design criteria and CMAA also states that inspection and maintenance be performed in accordance with ANSI B30.2 and the CMAA “Overhead Crane Inspection Checklist”.
Why is all this important if OSHA and ANSI does not incorporate the entire CMAA specifications? It can be important in a court of law because virtually all overhead crane builders design and manufacture their overhead cranes to CMAA specifications. This has become an Industry Standard. While OSHA may never write a citation referencing the CMAA specification, you can bet the opposing lawyer will hang the crane inspector out to dry if in fact the inspector neglected to ensure that the crane complied with CMAA specifications and this noncompliance resulted in an accident. Remember all the lawyer has to do is convince a jury with the help of an expert witness that the equipment did not comply with Industry Standards.
In summary, the overhead crane industry does have a long list of Standards, Regulations and Specifications that the equipment must adhere to and this doesn’t include the changes in technology, design and safety that OSHA or ANSI has not kept up with. Being an overhead crane inspector is a constant learning process. To error in this process could find you before a jury.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA)
Thursday, April 7, 2011
Small Entity Compliance Guide For Final Rule : Cranes And Derricks In Construction
This guide is intended to help small businesses comply with OSHA’s standard for Cranes and Derricks in Construction. It is designed to address the most common compliance issues that employers will face and to provide sufficient detail to serve as a useful compliance guide. It does not, however, describe all provisions of the standard or alter the compliance responsibilities set forth in the standard, which is published at 29 CFR 1926.1400 - 1442. The reader must refer to the standard itself, which is available on OSHA’s website and in the Federal Register and will be published in the Code of Federal Regulations, to determine all of the steps that must be taken to comply with the standard.
In addition to this guide, other information that will be helpful in complying with the standard can be found on OSHA’s website.
If you are seeking advice about complying with the standard, OSHA’s On-site Consultation Program offers free and confidential advice to small and medium-sized businesses in all states across the country, with priority given to high-hazard worksites. On-site Consultation services are separate from enforcement and do not result in penalties or citations. Consultants from state agencies and universities work with employers to identify workplace hazards, provide advice on compliance with OSHA standards, and help establish safety and health management systems. To find the OSHA On-site Consultation Program office nearest you, go to: https://www.osha.gov/dcsp/smallbusiness/consult_directory.html.
In 21 states and one territory, occupational safety and health standards are enforced by the state agency responsible for the OSHA-approved state plan. These states are: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington and Wyoming. New York, Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, and the Virgin Islands also operate OSHA-approved state plans limited in scope to state and local government employees.
States operating OSHA-approved state plans must adopt and enforce standards that are either identical to or at least as effective as federal standards. Therefore, these states must adopt a standard for cranes and derricks in construction that is at least as effective as OSHA’s standard and must extend that protection to state and local government employees.
If you are operating a small business in one of the above-listed states or territories, you must determine whether requirements in addition to those in the OSHA standard apply. For example, the OSHA standard requires that crane operators be qualified or certified by November 10, 2014, but states may require such qualification or certification by an earlier date. In addition, state or local licensing requirements may apply.
The guide is downloadable from the OSHA website @ http://www.osha.gov/cranes-derricks/small_entity.html
Tuesday, April 5, 2011
GL112 Remote Load Indicators
Water Weights provides a wireless hand-held indicator with all our rental and sold equipment, the GL112 interfaces with all of the products in our wireless load cell family (below-the-hook load measuring products), including the LE Series (links) and SL Series (shackles). The GL112 is our basic unit with large, easy to operate keys.
Various development options are available, including:
- Readout in Tons, lbs, kg or other measurement units as requested
- Multiple load cell selection
- Leather carrying case with neck strap
- Runs on standard AA alkaline or NiMh rechargeable batteries
- RS-232 I/O (Printer, PC or other interface)
- Large character external readout
- Real time clock and date
- Data recording
For more info visit us online at http://www.waterweightsinc.com/en/gl-series-indicator.html
Various development options are available, including:
- Readout in Tons, lbs, kg or other measurement units as requested
- Multiple load cell selection
- Leather carrying case with neck strap
- Runs on standard AA alkaline or NiMh rechargeable batteries
- RS-232 I/O (Printer, PC or other interface)
- Large character external readout
- Real time clock and date
- Data recording
For more info visit us online at http://www.waterweightsinc.com/en/gl-series-indicator.html
Monday, April 4, 2011
Radio Telemetry Load Shackles
Water Weights SL Series of radio telemetry shackles provides a robust and reliable solution to a variety of lifting applications. Our standard rental equipment mainly comes with this load measuring device to determine the weight of the bags during load testing of lifting equipment
The embedded microprocessor-based electronics are housed within a rugged IP66 enclosure, ensuring exceptional protection from mechanical damage. Providing highly accurate information, the SL series can be used to determine the actual weight of the load or pull.
Technical Data
Material: High tensile steel
Range: Approx. 50 mtr.
Safety Factor: 5:1
Enclosed: IP66 data
Temp Range: -20 to +70 °C
Battery life: active Approx 500 hrs.
Class accuracy: 1 %
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